Active Directory Architecture

Active Directory is the identity backbone of enterprise Windows environments. This lesson covers active directory architecture, a critical skill for domain penetration testing.

Understanding the Topic

Domain Controllers and forests forms the foundation of this topic. In real-world scenarios, attackers leverage this knowledge to identify weaknesses that defenders often overlook. Understanding how active directory architecture works at a fundamental level is essential before attempting any practical exercises.

Building on that foundation, kerberos authentication becomes critically important. Security professionals encounter this daily, and recognizing the patterns helps you work more efficiently during assessments.

LDAP enumeration represents another key consideration. Many beginners overlook this aspect, but experienced practitioners know it can make the difference between success and failure in real engagements.

Finally, trust relationships provides the practical context. Knowing when and how to apply these techniques separates theoretical knowledge from actionable skills.

Tools and Environment

For active directory architecture, professionals rely on BloodHound, PowerView, Rubeus, mimikatz. The sandbox terminal on the right provides access to these tools. Familiarize yourself with their basic usage, then answer the questions below to complete this lesson.